Apparatus for discharging fluid at ambient temperature and a selected pressure, using a gas condensable at said temperature and pressure and acting on a flexible wall contacting said fluid



y 1950 R. T. CORNELIUS 2,513,455

APPARATUS FOR DISCHARGING FLUID AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND A SELECTED PRESSURE, USING A GAS CONDENSIBLE AT SAID TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE AND ACTING ON A FLEXIBLE WALL CONTACTING SAID FLUID Filed Feb. 11, 1946 RICHARD T. CORNELIUS Patented July 4, 1950 APPARATUS roanrscnanemc: FLUID. AT

AMBIENT TEMPERATUR AND A sis- LEQTED B S UR USING ,A GAS. QN: DENSABLE A'r HSAID TEMPERATURE D PRESSURE AND ACTING [ON A FLEXIBLE WALL CONTACTING, SAIDFLUID Richard T. Cornelius, Minneapolis, Minn. 1 Apiilication February 11, 1am; senai'lvo'. 646,817

My invention relates to fluid discharge apparatusand has for an object to provide an airparatus having a container for the fluid-to be discharged and from-which the fluid maybe discharged under pressure.

Another object of the invention resides in providing a fluid discharge apparatus in which the entire contents of the container are dis charged at a substantially uniform pressure.

A still further object of the invention resides in providing an apparatus having pressure producing means for creating pressure on the fluid, said means including agas condensi'ble substantially at the discharge temperature and pressure of the fluid.

An-object of the invention resides in providing an apparatus having a container fora condensible gas situated contiguous to the container for the fluid; said containers having a common movable wall adapted upon movement in one direction to increase the volume of the chamber in one of said containers and to decrease the volume of the" chamber in the other of said'containers.

Other objects of the invention resideiin the novel combination and arrangement of parts and in the details of construction hereinafter illustrated and/or described.

In the drawings:

Fig. l-is an-elevationalsectional view of a fluid discharge apparatusillustrating an embodiment of my invention.

Fig. 2 is a plan sgtionai view taken on line 2-? of Fig. 1.

In the dispensing of fluids such as insecticides and similar liquids, it becomes desirable to provide an apparatus whereby substantially con stant pressure may be maintained upon the'fluid without bringing the fluid in direct contact with any gas or other fluid. The instantinvention provides an apparatus whereby this r'esult'may be procured. v

For the purpose of illustrating my invention, I have shown a" container H)" which may be of metal tubing having a side wall structure I I and end walls I2 and I3- integral therewith. This container has a chamber 20 within the same which receives and holds the fluid to be discharged. The end wall I 2 of the said container has a boss [4 which is threaded at I5 to receive a-plug l6. Plug l6 has a portion ll which fits within ail-opening lB-in the boss l4" and lies substantially flush with the interior surface" of the endw'all I2 of container l0. The'plug" lsis provided with a bore ra -and is formed near'the end of-the samwitha valve seat-2 Said plug has an inlet ZZ-Iying' in continuation of the bore ['9 fivalve stem 'ilt-extends'along the bore l9 and is formed with a valve head 25- which is adapted to-seat against the seat 2! A gland 26 forms a fluid-tight connection between the valve stem 23 and-the plug it. A neck 2'! extends angularly from the plug It, and has an outlet passageway 21 therein which communicates with the bore [-9. This neck provides the discharge connection from-'thacontainer I'D. U

- In the particular form of the invention illus= trated, a flexible hose 29 is connected to the neck 21 by means of a coupling 28'. A similar coupling" 32 connects the said hose with aspray n02- zle 33. Such devices being well known in' the art,'the same Willnot be described in detail" and it-can readily be comprehended thatany suit able'construction maybe used for the purpos'e.

The end wall l3 of the container It is formed With a-boss 34 having a bore 35 therein. This boss is threaded-at 36 to receive a nut- 31 formed on a'plug 38 similar to the plug IE3. The plug 38 fits-into'bor'e 35' and-completely fi-llsthe same. This plug has an extension 39 which is threaded as designated at M and-which projects into the interior or thechiriiber 26 formed within the container [0. The-plug 38 is const-ructed'wit'h'a valve seat 43 nearits lowermost' end.- An inlet passageway 4' l'communicates with the bore- 32 Within the bored? is mounted a' Valve s-tern- 25 which is provide'd'with a valve head 66' adapted to'seatagainst the seat 43. Agland ll for'r'nsa fluid-tight connection between the valve stern 45 and the plug 38. The plug 38 is also constructed' with a neck 38' having a passageway 45 therein communicating with the bore 421 This neck isthreadedat 51 to receive a tube'fittin'g 52 by means ofwvhich a tube 53 may be connected thereto.

Within the interior ofthe container H! is providedanotherr container 54 which is; constructed of ,a suitable flexible material-such as rubber or the like. This container is formedof a shape corresponding with thatof the container ll] having aside wall structureBB and end walls 56 and 51. These walls form an expansible chamber 59 within the container 54. The wall 56 has an opening through itand through which the ex tension 39fof the plug 38 extends. This wall rests against a shoulder 58 which is" formed on the plug 38 adjacent the extension 39 and which lies in continuation of the inner surface" of the end wall [3 of thecontainer III. A washer 6i encircles the extension 39 and ovenies the end wall of container 54 upon the interior thereof.

A nut 62 screwed upon the extension 39 clamps the container 54 to the plug 38. It will be noted that the diameter of the washer BI is considered less than the diameter of the opening 35, so that by collapsing the container 54, the same may be inserted into the container [0.

My invention utilizes for procuring pressure in the chamber 20 a condensible gas which is disposed within the chamber 59 of container 54. This gas is directed into the said receptacle through the tube 53 and the various passageways formed in the associated structure and when the desired amount of pressure is procured within the container, the valve stem 45 may be rotated to close the passageway leading to the container 54. A particular gas is employed which condenses substantially at the desired pressure and temperature at which the fluid in the container HI is to be discharged. This gas is discharged into the chamber 59 until the desired pressure is procured. When this occurs, the walls 55, 56 and of the container 54 expand and follow along the corresponding walls ll, l3 and [2 of the container I 9. For delivering the desired gas into the chamber 59, a tube 63 of the desired gas is employed which has a discharge plug 64 similar to the plug 38 and associated structure used in conjunction with the receptacle 54. The tube 53 is connected to the plug 64 by means of a coupling 65. When the desired amount of gas has been introduced into the container 54, the inlet 44 to the same is closed by the valve head 46 and the tube 63 and pipe 53 removed. Neck 48 may be now capped and the device is ready for use.

For the purpose of expanding the container 54, several different gases may be used which have differing condensation pressures. When the desired pressure has been determined, a gas having a corresponding condensation pressure is selected. The gas will then condense at the condensation pressure and temperature and produce the desired result. Where a pressure of around one hundred pounds is desired, propane gas may be used. This gas produces a pressure of 92.4 pounds per square inch at 60 Fahrenheit and 109.3 pounds at 70 Fahrenheit. Other gases suitable for use in conjunction with my fluid discharging apparatus are sulphur dioxide which condenses at 34.9 pounds per square inchat 70 Fahrenheit, methyl chloride which condenses at 58.7 pounds per square inch at 70 Fahrenheit, butane which condenses at 16.9 pounds per square inch at 70 Fahrenheit, and dichloromonofluoromethane which condenses at 8.4 pounds per square inch at 70 Fahrenheit.

In the filling of the device with the fluid to be discharged, the hose 29 is removed and the neck 21 connected to a suitable source of said fluid. Where the fluid is a liquid, the same is pumped in under pressure through the inlet opening 22 and into the chamber 29 within the container Hi. This causes the container 54 to collapse and the gas within the same to be compressed. The inlet 22-is now closed by means of the valve head 25 and valve stem 23. The heat produced by the pressure of the gas Within the chamber 59 is gradually transferred through the wall of the container 54 to the fluid in chamber 20 and from the same to the walls of the container I0. From said container the heat is dissipated to the surrounding atmosphere. When the temperature of the compressed gas reaches ambient temperature, a portion of the gas condenses and the pressure returns to the desired value. The device is then ready for use.

In the use of the device the hose 29 is connected to neck 21 as shown in Fig. 1 and, the

valve head 25 is moved into opening position. The nozzle 33 can then beoperatedand, due to the pressure within the container '20, caused by the gas in chamber 59, the liquid in chamber 20 is forced out through the nozzle 33 in a spray. As the fluid in container 20 is consumed, container 54 expands and the liquid within the same vaporizes and returns to its original gaseous state. During discharge the temperature of the gas in chamber 59 drops slightly and likewise the pressure. However, as heat is absorbed by the gas from the exterior through the medium of the walls of container II, the fluid in chamber 20 and the walls of container 54, the pressure in chamber 59 is again reestablished. Where the use of the sprayer is intermittent, and where the amount of the fluid sprayed is not great, the amount of the fluid sprayed at a time is not great, the pressure of the fluid discharged is substantially constant, thus permitting of spraying the entire contents'ofthe container at substan: tially the desired pressure. It will thus be seen that the gas within the container 54 may be kept intact, and the container 10 repeatedly filled and discharged. During such use, the cycle is merely repeated. 7 I i If desired, the fluid within the container 20 may be filled into said container prior to the filling of the container 54 with the condensible gas. Where a liquid is used, the initial volume of liquid within the chamber 20 in such case would be sufi'iciently less than the volume of said chamber, so that when the container 54 was'subsequently filled with the pressure-producing gas, that the same might expand sufficiently to discharge the entire contents of the chamber '20 at the desired pressure. In the event that the chamber 20 is completely filled with liquid, it becomes necessary to maintain the tube. 63 attached to the container 10 during use of the device. 'As the fluid in the chamber 20 is discharged, the gas in thecontain'er 54 functions in the same manner to maintain a constant pressureupon the fluid during discharge of the same.

My invention has numerous uses. If desired,

the same may be used to discharge a liquid disinfectant in spray form to be sprayed upon obe jects' and surfaces to be disinfected. In such case, the gas is filled withinthe container 54 prior to the use of the device, so as to obviate the necessity of having the tube 63 connectedto-the same during use. If desired, the'entire structure may be made man inexpensive mannerand filled with the gas under pressure at the time of use. In such case, the containers may be discarded and the gas within the interior container wasted. Such an arrangement would be particularly useful where the container was'used for containing paint and the paint sprayed on'the surface to be painted. Numerous other uses in which a fluid or liquid is to be discharged under pressure may be found for the invention. V

The advantages of my invention are manifest. A substantially constant pressure is at all times maintained on the fluid to bedischarged. This is particularly advantageous when the fluid passes througha spraynozzle or other similar device in which the form of the spray is dependent upon'the pressure employed. With my invention, the entire contents of thecontainerfor the fluid may be' ,discharged therefrom. The-fluid answer:

or liquid tobef discharged. isw'..kepti'separate from the" gas producing'the pressure, sothat contamiination, evaporationl'cr cther'injury to the fluid is prevented. The device can be constructed in an inexpensive manner and'wheredesired can be repeatedly used.- p

Changes in the specific form of my invention, as herein described, may be made within the scope of what is claimed without departing from the spirit of my invention.

I claim:

-1-.. Fluid discharge apparatus: for intermittently discharging small. quantities of a fluid atacertain pressure and temperature comprising acontainer having a chamber for holding the fluid-a second container contiguous thereto, and having a chamber therein, said containers having a movable wall common to: both. chambers, and movable to cause the volume of one chamber to increase and the volume of the other chamber to decrease, and agas condensible' at substantially the discharge pressure and temperature of said fluid disposed within the chamber of said second named container said gas and fluid being in heat exchange transfer relation with each other and one thereof being in heat transfer relation with the medium adjacent the container therefor.

2. Fluid discharge apparatus for intermittently discharging small quantities of a fluid at a certain pressure and temperature comprising a container having a chamber for holding the fluid, a second container contiguous thereto, and having a chamber therein, said containers having a movable wall common to both chambers, and movable to cause the volume of one chamber to increase and the volume of the other chamber to decrease in proportion to the rate of increase of the volume of said other chamber and a gas condensible at substantially the discharge pressure and temperature of said fluid disposed within the chamber of said second named container.

3. Fluid discharge apparatus for intermittently discharging small quantities of a fluid at a certain pressure and temperature comprising a container having a chamber for holding the fluid and pressure producing means for creating a pressure in said chamber to discharge the fluid therefrom, said means including a'gas condensible substantially at the discharge temperature and pressure of the fluid said gas and fluid being in heat exchange transfer relation with each other and one thereof being in heat transfer relation with the medium adjacent the container therefor and means for conducting heat to said condensible gas.

4. Fluid discharge apparatus for intermittently discharging small quantities of a fluid at a certain pressure and temperature comprising a container having a chamber for holding the fluid, an expansible sack within said chamber and a gas within said sack condensible substantially at the discharge pressure and temperature said gas and fluid being in heat exchange relation with one another through said sack and said container being in heat exchange relation with the atmosphere.

5. Fluid discharge apparatus for intermittently discharging small quantities of a fluid at a temperature above a predetermined minimum and at a pressure above a predetermined minimum pressure, said apparatus comprising a container having a, chamber for holding the fluid, a second container contiguous thereto, and having a chamber therein, said containers having a movable wall common to both chambers, and movable to cause the volume or? one member to increase and the: volume ofthe other chamber to decrease, and a. gas condensible at: substantially the minimum discharge: pressure and temperature of: the fluid disposed: within the chamber of said. second namedconta-iner said. gas and fluid being, in heat exchange. transfer relation with each other and. one thereof being in heattransfer relation'with the medium adjacent thev container therefor. I

6; A discharge apparatus for intermittently discharging small quantities of a fi'uid' under pressure comprising a container having a chain'- b'er'for holding thefluid; ase'con'd container conti'guous thereto, and having a chamber therein, sa-id containers havinga movable wall common to both. chambers, and movable to: cause the volume of one chamber to' increase and the volume of: the other chamber to decrease and. a gas condensibleat substantially 50 Fahrenheit and. at. a pressure between ten and two hundred pounds pressure per square inch, disposed within the chamber of said second named container said gas and fluid being in heat exchange transfer relation with each other and one thereof being in heat transfer relation with the medium adjacent the container therefor.

7 Fluid discharge apparatus for intermittently discharging small quantities of a fluid at a selected pressure at ambient temperatures comprising fluid operated pump means including an expansible chamber and a contractible chamber, the fluid to be discharged being contained in said contractible chamber, and a gas condensible at ambient temperatures at substantially the selected pressure disposed in the expansible chamber, and heat transfer means for conducting heat to said gas.

8. Fluid discharge apparatus for intermittently discharging small quantities of a fluid at about 109.3 pounds pressure at a temperature of about degrees Fahrenheit, said apparatus comprising fluid operated pump means including an expansible chamber and a contractible chamber, the fluid to be discharged being contained in said contractible chamber, :propane condensable at about said pressure and temperature contained in said expansible chamber and heat transfer means for conducting heat to the propane.

9. Fluid discharge apparatus for intermittently fdischarging small quantities of a fluid at about 34.9 pounds pressure at a temperature of about 70 degrees, said apparatus comprising fluid operated pump means including an expansible chamber and a contractible chamber, the fluid to be discharged being contained in said contractible chamber, sulphur dioxide condensable at about said pressure and temperature contained in said expansible chamber and heat transfer means for conducting heat to the sulphur dioxide.

10. Fluid discharge apparatus for intermittently discharging small quantities of a fluid at about 58.7 pounds pressure at a temperature of about 70 degrees Fahrenheit, said apparatus comprising fluid operated :pump means including an expansible chamber and a, contractible cham-.

ber, the fluid to be discharged being contained in said contractible chamber, methyl chloride condensible at about said pressure and temperature contained in said expansible chamber and heat transfer means for conducting heat to the methyl chloride.

11. Fluid discharge apparatus for intermittently discharging small quantities of a fluid at a selected;- pressure at '10- degrees Fahrenheit comprising fiuidoperated pump means including an expansible'chamber and a contractible cham-' her, the fluid to be discharged being contained in said contractible chamber, and a gas condensible at 70 degrees Fahrenheit at substantially the selected pressure disposed in the expansible cham her, and heat transfer means for conducting heat to said gas.

V 12. Fluid discharge apparatus for intermittently "discharging small quantities of a fluid'at a'pressure below about 110 pounds at temperature of about 70 degreesFahrenheit, said apparatus comprising fluid operated pump means including an expansible chamber and a contractible chamber, the, fluid to be discharged being contained in said-contractible chamber, and a gas condensible at a pressure below 110 pounds pressure at 70 degrees Fahrenheit con- 20 8*: tained in saidxexpansible chamber and heat transfer meansfor-conducting heat' to said gas.

, lRICHARD T. CORNELIUS.

R FE N EsfCITED The following references are of record in the file of this patentsf 1 v UNITED STATEs PATENTS Number Name. Date 382,610 Holmes May 8, 1888 1,001,805 Bergsvik'fl- Aug. 29, .1911 1,207,393 :Gammeter, Dec. 5, 1916 1,716,981 Sacks June 11, 1929 1,939,611 V Purvis Dec. 12,1933 1,990,499 ODell Feb. 12, 1935 2,387,598 Mercier Oct. 23, 1945 i' FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country' Date Great Britain" Oct. 15, 1935 

